Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Ntawm Titanium

Titanium yog ib pab pawg IVB hauv lub sijhawm plaub ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Nws cov qauv hluav taws xob atomic yog [Ar] 3d²4s², nrog plaub valence electrons muaj rau kev sib txuas. Yog li, nws lub xeev oxidation siab tshaj plaws hauv cov tebchaw yog (Ⅳ). Txij li thaum nws belongs rau thawj txoj kev hloov pauv thiab muaj ob lub 3d electrons uas tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke, cov no tuaj yeem koom nrog kev sib raug zoo, tso cai rau titanium kom muaj cov oxidation qis (Ⅱ) thiab (Ⅲ).

Hauv titanium (Ⅳ) cov tebchaw, cov atoms yog qhov tseem ceeb inert. Ti⁴⁺ ion muaj lub vojvoog ntawm 60 teev tsaus ntuj, ua rau nws siab - nqi, me- vojvoog, siab- teb- lub zog cation nrog lub zog polarizing rau kev sib koom tes ions. Yog li ntawd, Ti(Ⅳ) compounds yeej ib txwm covalent, zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv compound tsim rau Si(Ⅳ) thiab Sn(Ⅳ). Piv txwv li, tetrachloride yog ib qho yooj yim hydrolyzed, fuming kua. Hauv kev muaj tiag, tsis muaj Ti⁴⁺ ions dawb lossis solvated ions; feem ntau, (-Ti-O⁻)²⁺ saw{11}}zoo li hydrated ions muaj nyob hauv cov kua qaub. Nyob rau hauv yooj yim titanium (IV) tebchaw, titanium muaj ib tug sib koom tes ntawm 4. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj 3d orbitals nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv hluav taws xob atomic, 4-coordinate titanium (IV) yog ib qho zoo Lewis acid thiab tuaj yeem txais ligands los txuas tus lej sib koom ua ke mus rau 6. Cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm 5 thiab 8. Txhua tus lej sib koom ua ke sib raug rau ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm molecular stereostructure. Titanium (III) kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb valence ntawm titanium; d1-configured trivalent titanium feem ntau tsim octahedral complex ions, xws li TiF63- thiab Ti(H2O)63+.

Dhau li ntawm oxidation xeev II, III, thiab IV, titanium nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw muaj peev xwm muaj tsawg tsawg oxidation xeev los yog tsis zoo oxidation xeev I, O, -I, thiab -II thaum ua ke nrog π-acidic ligands (ligands uas muaj peev xwm xa electrons mus rau lub hauv paus titanium atom).